701 John VI begins his reign as the Catholic Pope
1270 The 8th (and final) crusade is launched
1864 Helena, Montana's capital, is founded
1888 The first ballpoint pen is patented
1905 "October Manifesto" grants some civil liberties
1918 Slovakia asks for the creation of Czechoslovakian state
1919 Baseball league presidents call for the abolishment of the 'spitball'
1922 Mussolini forms his cabinet in Italy
1930 Turkey and Greece sign a treaty of 'friendship'
1938 Orson Welles panics a nation with his radio broadcast of "War of the Worlds"
1939 The USSR and Germany agree on partitioning Poland
1941 The USS Reuben James is torpedoed by Germans
1944 Anne Frank is deported from Auschwitz to Belsen
1945 The US government announces the end of shoe rationing
1948 20 people die and 6,000 become ill due to smog in Donora, Pennsylvania
1953 Dr. Albert Schweitzer and General George C. Marshall win Nobel Peace Prize
1954 The Defense Department announces the elimination of all segregated regiments
1956 Israel captures the Egyptian military post at El-Thamad
1961 The Soviet Party Congress unanimously approves a resolution removing Josef Stalin's body from Lenin's tomb in Red Square
1961 The Soviet Union tests a 58 megaton hydrogen bomb
1965 A fireworks explosions kill 50 people in Cartagena, Colombia
1972 The worst US rail accident in 14 years: 45 people die in Chicago
1974 Muhammad Ali KOs George Foreman in the 8th round in Kinshasa, Zaire
1975 Juan Carlos assumes power in Spain
1975 The NY Daily News runs a headline: "Ford to City: Drop Dead"
1976 Jane Pauley becomes the news co-anchor of the Today Show
1976 Reverend Joseph Evans is elected the president of the United Church of Christ
1980 Honduras and El Salvador settle their boundary dispute
1980 NASA launches Flt Satcom-4
1991 The Mid-east peace conference begins in Madrid, Spain
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