The mysterious black rectangle is actually tar or rubber covering an inductive loop: a coil of wire with current running through it. After a road is built, a very shallow cut is made into the road’s surface. A long piece of wire that has been insulated is coiled and placed in the cut, and then covered with tar or rubber. The two ends of the wire are then attached to terminal connectors, which have wires running to meters, and ultimately, the traffic signal control box. When the inductance of the loop is raised adequately, the traffic signal’s cycle is initiated.
An inductive loop is not affected by weight, mass, or density. If you were to place a densely packed, 10,000 pound cube of plastic, rubber, wood, and aluminum inside an inductive loop at an intersection, the traffic signal would not cycle. Essentially, an inductive loop is an electromagnet. Ergo, only iron (Fe: ferrite), or material containing iron, appreciably affects the inductance of the loop.
Now, just a couple of little things to remember about inductive loops, and the way they work. 1) The smaller the diameter of the loop, the more any material inside of it will affect inductance. 2) The further away from inside the loop any material is located, the less the affect it will have on the level of inductance. Now I think it’s finally time to explain why your iron horse won’t initiate signal cycles.
Motorcycles, bicycles, and more and more of the smaller cars don’t contain enough iron, close enough to the loop, to raise the inductance adequately to cause cycling of the signal. Even most of today’s high-tech steels don’t contain much iron, and modern motorcycles are teeming with plastics, rubber, and aluminum – none of which affect the loop’s inductance. It’s starting to become clearer why so many bikers think that traffic signals are tripped by weight. If you put enough motorcycles inside of a loop, you increase the amount of iron inside the loop, so the traffic signal will cycle. How many bikes this takes is relative to their composition, not their weight – or the weight of the riders. Some riders, those wearing boots with iron-based metal accessories, will have a greater affect on the inductance.
By now, you’ve probably figured out that you could cause traffic signal lights to cycle if you merely chained a chunk of iron to your rear fender. Of course, attaching the chain is problematic – and the heavy, costly chunk would quickly be worn away by the friction created with the road’s surface. Hardly an acceptable solution.